Recommended book by Michael DeMarco
My former teacher has a new book, an inspiring dissertation on things Martial Arts, presented in an entertaining and compelling way. Here's a review article from the Santa Fe New Mexican:
Embrace Tiger, Return to the Mountain
January 2022. Covid year three. At least we have Zoom, Google Meet, Facetime, and Duo. I may have mentioned that I studied the Yang Long Form (Xiong Style) when I lived in New Mexico near Santa Fe. Moving to the Midwest, I found no one nearby teaching the 103 Long Form. I have nothing against the Professor’s Short Form or the Beijing 24 Form, both provide the Essentials and have the advantages of a shorter execution time in less space than the 103 Form. But, as a former teacher said to me after watching me perform a newly learned Sun Style Form, “That's nice but it won't help you with your form.” This month begins instruction in Parts One, Two, and Three of the Yang Family Traditional Long Form using Zoom (including Qigong, Essential form, Straight Sword and Saber) by Yang Chengfu Seattle http://yangtaichiseattle.com/classes. The classes are free (with registration) and videos of previous Zoom sessions can be viewed on Youtube https://www.youtube.com/user/ycfseattle/videos.
So I am finding myself Returning to the Mountain to refresh
the form I think of as “my form.” I’m starting in the middle with section two
as I am fairly proficient in section one. I have practiced section one often
but have not remembered much of section two (short term memory loss extends to
muscle memory, I suppose). Last night the class began with Embrace Tiger,
Return to the Mountain.
http://www.kungfumagazine.com/forum/showthread.php?44081-Embrace-Tiger-Return-to-Mountain
Chen
Changxing
(1771~1853)
Yang
Luchan
(1799~1872)
Yang Yang
Banhou Jianhou
(1837~1890) (1839~1917)
Yang Yang
Shaohou Chengfu
(1862~1930) (1883~1936)
The Four Energies
Our International Tai chi Alliance has been doing a hybrid
form possibly called “The Four Energies.” I asked if there was a source video
for this. There was, once upon a time, on a Turkish web site no longer
inexistence, I guess. For me, it is an interesting as a way of concentrating on
some of the essentials without the distraction of learning the whole form…even
abbreviated versions like Yang 8. However, I have to keep asking myself, why
not just practice getting “Grasp the sparrow’s Tail” right. All these
“energies” are in it except a shoulder strike (which follows in Yang forms such
as the Long Form or the Short Form. The Four Energies are Peng (ward off), Lu
(roll back), Ji (press), and An (push). There is also Kao (shoulder strike).
Yes, I know, that’s five, but ward off happens in this form as part of roll
back and press. As I said before, Grasping the Sparrow’s Tail has most of this
but in a sequence: ward off, roll back, press, push. The Four Energies
separates each energy as individual moves and adds lateral movements between
each, turning the person 180 degrees in a square. Sorry I can’t point you
toward a video of this. I did find a nice explanation of the Thirteen Postures
(8 energies and 5 steps) on Cathryn Lai’s Tai Chi & Qi Gong Studio web posting:
http://cathrynlai.com/pdf/13%20Tai%20Chi%20Essentials.pdf
Of ward off Lai says, “the nature of this movement is
expansive. It seeks to occupy space and bounce off obstacles.” Concerning roll
back we learn from her that, “It creates a vacuum or an absence. It can draw
the opponent in, or with very little effort, parry, yield and disappear from
the opponent’s attack.” With press, “It is best used close in, as a way to gain
some space from an opponent who is smothering you.” And, “ ‘Push’ grants you
more physical space than press, often resulting in your opponent hurtling out
of your space while losing his or her footing....It also reminds you to yield
in the midst of tension, so that you can neutralize negative energy and turn it
around for your betterment.” Of the shoulder strike Lai says, “It is the
energetic pair of the ‘elbow’ gate. It is used for the tightest of spaces, when
you have no room to chamber for a hand strike or kick.”
More of interest on the energies can be found on Tim
Cartmell’s Shen Wu Martial Arts web site, http://shenwu.com/taichi.htm.
Quoting him on the energies of the Eight Techniques: ward off, roll back,
press, push, pluck, split, elbow and body stroke (peng, lu, ji, an, cai, lie,
zhou, kao), we read that:
“In its broadest sense, ward off energy can he applied to
the whole body. It is the energy resulting from proper alignment and relaxation
which gives the Tai Ji Quan fighter the elasticity and springiness necessary to
fight. In a stricter, technical sense, ward off is the energy which supplies
buoyancy and supports weight (as soft and flexible water is able to support a
massive ship). Roll back is energy which moves incoming force past one's body
toward the rear (as a revolving door gives way and pivots around its center).
Press is the force which rebounds from the ground up in a pulse and bounces the
opponent away from the body (as a rock bounces off the taught head of a drum).
Push is a force which puts pressure downward (like the force used when you lift
your body out of a pool by pressing the palms down on the outside deck).”
Of Kao (shoulder strike) Cartmell says, “Body stroke is
whole body ward off power channeled through some part of the torso, usually the
shoulder (think of breaking a door down by leaning into it with your
shoulder).”
That is what I have found in writing about the Four Energies
as we practice in this hybrid form. Perhaps we will move on to practice cai,
lie, zhou, and kao in a further version.
Essential Books
on the Tai Chi Classics
I’m
recommending some published works on the Tai Chi Classics: early writings about
the essentials of Tai Chi Ch’uan. These have been translated various times by
different authors and can be taken as poetry, as inspirational sayings, as a
guide to the essential elements of the form(s), or as an introduction to
Chinese literature, especially to the Tao Te Ching and the I Ching.
I have referenced one of these before, The T’ai chi Classics, translated
with commentary by Waysun Liao. This is one of my favorite books, giving
historical background on Tai Chi, explaining in detail the concepts of Qi and Jing,
translating and commenting on the classics, and finally illustrating and
describing the Yang Long Form with emphasis on breathing and meditation while
moving.
Recently I
picked up a copy of The Essence of T’ai Chi Ch’uan, The Literary Tradition by
Benjamin Lo. Lo was a student of Cheng Man-ch’ing and gave many workshops in
the Professor’s Short Form. His translation is presented as poetic and includes
a chapter by Cheng Man-ch’ing called “Song of Form and Function”. The Professor’s
writings are always worth delving into and here, talking abut the Thirteen
Postures, he is both poetic and eloquent, for instance, “The body is like a
floating cloud….The whole body is a hand and the hand is not a hand. The mind
must stay in the place it should be.”
On my want list is The Taijiquan Classics: An Annotated Translation by Barbara Davis and Chen Wei-Ming. The blurb says, “…this book explores the fundamental ideas and
what they mean to practitioners, students, and scholars. It also incorporates
newly discovered sources that address the history of taijiquan and newly
translated commentaries by Chen Weiming.” Sounds like a must-read to me.
What are the classics? There are three treatises by Grand Master Chang San-feng, Master Wong Chung-yua, and Master Wu Yu-hsiang. The first dates to around 1200 CE, the second to around 1600 CE, and the third to the 19th Century. In addition, in Lo’s book are “Song of the Thirteen Postures” and “Song of Hand-pushing”, both by unknown authors, and two treatises by Li I-yu and one by Yang Cheng-fu.
It
is from these classics that the 13 essentials are derived. More about that is
the next blog entry.
Well, this being Wisconsin, our sessions in the park along
the lakefront have been curtailed by weather and the earlier setting of the
sun. Still, in the age of covid, close quarters are not recommended for group
practice even though we all (all of us, right?) have been vaccinated against
the virus. Therefore, embracing the current age of technology, we meet as
dancing electrons on computer screens. In a word, Zoom. As covid closed in on
us many venues for Tai Chi found solutions in online instruction. A quick
search via Google will yield for you various links. While not as desirable as
in-person teaching, it has the advantage over videos which do not allow for
two-way conversations. Our group, The International Tai Chi Alliance, is small
enough for all of us in our little boxes to fit on the screen simultaneously. The
teacher can watch the progress of each student and, with the aid of the more
advanced students, split off beginners into “breakout rooms” for individual
training. The only difficulty I have found is my own lack of indoor space; my
living room is too small to allow for a full-length image of myself. I have my
laptop hooked into my large screen television monitor so I get a nice sized
view of the class. Yet I wish for a larger space and I am considering rejoining
our local health club where there is a big room used for workout classes. They
do have wifi and a large monitor. Stay tuned to this blog to follow my future
adventures.
I read somewhere that when Cheng Man-Ch’ing (the
Professor) was asked which movement or posture he felt was the most important
he answered that it was Grasping the Peacock's Tail, which consists of Ward
Off, Roll Back, Press and Push. It is the most frequently occurring movement in
the Yang Style Long 108 Form and is found in the 37 posture short form, the
Yang 24 Bejing form, and is included in the Yang 8 form which we have been
studying lately.
The Chinese name for the movement is Lǎn Qùe Wěi. Its parts are called Peng, Lü, Ji and An. In the Yang Long Form and
in the Professor’s Short Form this follows the Beginning, starting with forming
the so-called Tai Chi ball. The is a Ward Off with the left hand (except in
Yang 8), then a turn to the right with a Ward Off with the right hand while the
left follows. To visualize the next part, the Roll Back, imagine an opponent is
throwing a punch at you; your hands are in a position now to guide the blow
away from your body, and using your opponent’s momentum, to “pull” them
forward. This is followed with the Press, placing the palms together and facing
directly to the right. Shifting the weight back again, sinking, rooted, the hands
spread apart and push outward, roughly at the height of the opponent’s chest. In
the Yang 8 Form we execute Grasp the Peacock’s Tail to the left and to the
right and then proceed to the Closing.
T’ai Chi Ch’uan,
a Simplified Method of Calisthenics for Health & Self Defense by Cheng Man-Ch’ing, North Atlantic Books, Berkley, has a nice section of
photos of the significant postures and explanations of the movements. Here is
an interesting article on stress reduction using this movement: Grasping the Sparrow's Tail. A 5th - 6th Grade Lesson Plan by Michael P.
Garofalo. http://www.egreenway.com/taichichuan/gtst.htm